e-commerce market players strive to work with lean packaging portfolios for shipping items in a wide variety of sizes and weights, but the sheer diversity of goods continues to pose a challenge. In the interests of a greener, yet still profitable e-commerce supply chain, efficient packaging is paramount. This entails the use of materials with a small environmental footprint from the cradle to the grave, appropriate sizing to avoid empty space in transportation, avoiding damage to goods in transit, and protecting precious resources.